Polycystic ovarian syndrome, also known as PCOS, is a condition causing many cysts in the ovaries. These cysts are actually tiny, immature eggs in the ovaries that have stopped growing. PCOS occurs in 15 % of women of reproductive age and has been linked to pre-diabetes, diabetes, heart disease, miscarriages, and even uterine cancer.

Effects of PCOS
PCOS causes high levels of certain hormones to build up in the ovaries, restricting the growth of the eggs. These eggs are not mature enough to be viable and in many cases, ovulation or the “drop” of an egg does not happen.

Risks
Women with PCOS have a higher risk for pre-diabetes or diabetes which leads to even higher amounts of hormones in the ovaries.

Miscarriage rates often increase if you are pregnant.

• Abnormal or absent periods
• Abnormal or absent ovulation
• Increased body hair
• Increased body weight
• Insulin resistance or diabetes

Tests
Blood tests will be done in order to examine hormone and cholesterol levels. In addition, we will also check for pre-diabetes or diabetes. An ultrasound may also be done.

Treatment Options
Weight loss will likely improve problems associated with pre-diabetes or diabetes as well as lower your risk of heart problems and uterine cancer. Weight loss can be difficult for women with PCOS and at times, a diabetes medication may be needed. Metformin (Glucophage®) is often prescribed in this instance. Birth control pills or other hormones may also be used.